The First Day Of Lecture The True Power Of Film Essay

â€Å"The British are coming; the British are coming!† From a very young age, when studying history, we received our information from the points of views of the various authors we read. Yet, we never were able to put ourselves in the same shoes as Paul Revere as he rode late at night to warn Americans of the impending danger. Film gives us that opportunity. It gives filmmakers the ability to artistically depict the information in history in whatever manner they see fit. It gives us as viewers, the opportunity to turn words into action and see that which authors try desperately to describe in history books, allowing us to empathize with the emotions of a production. The film industry is an avenue in which the nature of attraction is the manner in which it captivates and audience. We learned the first day of lecture the true power of film, be it advertisement, television, or movies. The time at which was created, as well as the time it describes play a major role in our understanding of why producers choose to make the film. In this paper, I will put forth a multitude of productions we viewed throughout the semester and describe how creators use them to make a viewer see information. We will see that often times, bias skews objectivity in order to make a film plot conform to its purpose, thus influencing onlookers to feel emotion about historical content, and eventually inform them about the setting relative to the period of time in which it was made. With all of thisShow MoreRelated The Creative Process in Film Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthe what it takes to make a full fleged film. It takes much more than I had presumed to make a movie in Hollywood. The number of people that it takes to make a minute of a movie let alone the entire movie was astonishin g to me. There are many things that it takes to start making a movie but without an idea of some sort there is no movie to be made. A crew includes a screenwriter, whose job it is to provide the written blueprint version of the entire film. This is basically the starting pointRead MoreShawshank Redemption Analysis1749 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter in the film Andy has been convicted of murder and sent in to Shawshank State Penitentiary. There in the prison Andy befriends Red who constantly fails at getting paroled. Andy is abused by other inmates as well as prison Warden. At the end, Andy escapes using his knowledge from books and attains freedom. This film is not just notable in the world of entertainment but also holds significant message about prisons. Prison life depicted in the film may not exactly be a true reality about prisonRead MoreThe Heroic Cycle in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesevil foe† (60). In J. K. Rowling’s famous series and Chris Columbus’ film adaptation of her novel, Harry Potter, the main protagonist is the epitome o f the heroic protagonist. However in the first book of the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s stone (English version is Philosopher’s Stone) the first novel of the series not only introduces Harry to the wizard world, but also introduces him as the reluctant hero. From the day he was born and due to his parental lineage, Harry is thrusted into playingRead MoreNazi Germany - Fascist Italy Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesAn interesting ingredient of the education system in these two regimes is the role females played. The main objective of teaching girls was to produce ideal mothers. In Italy, activities for girls consisted of courses in first aid, exercises, games, competitions, trips, and lectures on fascism. (History) In Germany, the girls curriculum included domestic science and eugenics. In domestic science girls were taught how to become the perfect mother and wife, while in eugenics they were taught how toRead MoreMilton: The Achievement Of Humans938 Words   |  4 PagesParadise Lost, a 17th century poem encompassing marriage and idolatry brings about the theme of death to human beings for the first time as well as the loss of their place in paradise. However, one is not to blame for the fall of man. Lucifer tempted Adam and Eve to eat the Forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, instigating sin. According to Milton, this is â€Å"humankind’s first act of disobedience towards God† (SN Editors). â€Å"[For humans] an idea is like a virus, resilient, highly contagious. The smallestRead MoreAnalysis Of Claude Levi Strauss s Black As Slacker Dewey Finn 1602 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage and sought to understand their underlying grammar. This he believed centered on pairs of opposite ideas, held by the culture, but creating tension within it — the raw and the cooked, the sacred and the profane, and so on. School of Rock, a 2003 film starring Jack Black as slacker Dewey Finn, shows the tension between a truly American pair of opposites: laziness vs. hard work. While in other mythologies it is a trickster character who mediates between these opposites, the nature of this AmericanRead MoreDecision Making and E. Job Rotation1319 Words   |  6 Pagesfinding _____ to perform a task.   (1)   A.  alternate way B.  the lowest cost C.  the one best way D.  efficiency E.  low dependencies 5.  (p.  27)  Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used motion picture films to eliminate  (1)   A.  systems. B.  slippage. C.  boredom. D.  wasted motion. E.  errors. 6.  (lecture)   Discuss Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management as it relates to Pig Iron loading. (2)   7.  (p.  46-47)  Managers must be able to do all of the following except  (1)   A.  motivate people. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash And A Proverbial And Literal Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesis saying is true. Every moment that Anthony experiences is a chance to prove his worth and an opportunity to show why he doesn’t fall into the black male thug stereotype. Anthony and his friend Peter steal cars in order to make a living, yet never discuss their crimes from an outsider’s perspective. Anthony is the dominant one in their friendship; he asserts his dominance by being older than Peter and having more experience. He continuously talks down to Peter and always lectures him, as if heRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Ralph Waldo Emerson1604 Words   |  7 Pagesfull of deep spiritual significance stating, â€Å"to be always on the alert to find God in nature† and â€Å"nature is worth more even by our modes of valuation than our improvements are.† (Biography.com, par. 1) These beliefs are heavily depicted in his lecture â€Å"Walking†. â€Å"I wish to speak a word for Nature, for absolute freedom and wildness, as contrasted with a freedom and culture merely civil—to regard man as an inhabitant, or a part and parcel of Nature, rather than a member of society. I wish to makeRead MoreThe Op Doc : The Man Who Skated Right Off The Grid Essay1759 Words   |  8 Pagesa strapping young man like me get to be an old cogel like you?† and the looked at him and said ‘do what you want to’† (3:49). The director uses a flashback technique quite well in this moment in order to illustrate and help convey to viewers the power the simple advice had on Kitchin. After the scene it flashes back to Kitchin’s interview where he recalls â€Å"this old man just made more sense to me than anything I had heard in my life† (3:53). By using testimony in conjunction with the event itself

The And The Marine Corps - 1600 Words

In 1971 a scientist known by his students as Professor Zimbardo conducted an experiment to test if the leading cause of abusive behavior in prisons was the inherent personality traits of prisoners and the prison guards (Wikipedia. â€Å"Goals and Methods†). Zimbardo began his experiments by selecting twenty-four of his students, twelve to be prisoners and the other twelve to be the guards. His experiment was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research due to the interest of both the U.S. Navy and the Marine Corps interest in imprisoned conflict. The problem with this experiment wasn’t the goal; it was the issues throughout the experiment and what was done about them. Deep within the basement of Stanford University’s Jordan Hall, Professor Philip Zimbardo created a makeshift prison for those who participated. Out of seventy-five student who applied twenty-four were chosen. Mostly middle-class, excluding those with a criminal history, medical complications, or psyc hological impairments Zimbardo chose the twenty-four most suited for his experiments. Nine of each prisoner and guards actually participated while the other three of each were chosen as alternates. Now with the students chosen pay was established. The students were given $18.00 a day, the equivalent to $56.00 accounting for today’s inflation. With all of the plans formulated and students selected, the experiment began to be conducted. Zimbardo â€Å"arrested† the participants and charged them with armed robbery. ThenShow MoreRelatedThe Marine Corps As A Marine1347 Words   |  6 PagesOnce a Marine, Always a Marine There are many different cultures or social groups that have a language barrier whether that is because of religion, race, or social differences. These language barriers eventually will have to be overcome so that we can all communicate with each other. Out of these social groups, comes the greatest fighting force in the World, The Marine Corps. Marines have a very unique language dialog that has been preserved for hundreds of years Unfortunately, there comes a pointRead MoreThe Marine Corps And The Corps779 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent history, the Marine Corps offered only limited options to the combatant commander to respond to crises. This response capability was usually resident within the Marine Expeditionary Unit in the form of noncombatant evacuation operations, foreign humanitarian assistance, and embassy reinforcement. However, as the global climate has shifted from a Cold War, or even OIF I, paradigm to one of small conflicts or crises of short duration. Within this conte xt the Marine Corps continues to seek toRead MoreThe Marine Corps1579 Words   |  7 Pagesyou about the Montford Point Marines. Gunnery Sergeant Bagley has done extensive research on the Montford Point Marines, and had the privilege of attending the Montford Marines’ Congressional Gold Medal ceremony in June 2012. Ladies and gentlemen, Gunny Sergeant Bagley. [Attention] On display at the Montford Point Marine Museum at Camp Johnson, North Carolina is a Marine Corps dress blues uniform. The uniform is identical to any other set of dress blues worn by Marines through the mid-1940s. JustRead MoreThe Marine Corp1504 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral James Amos, Commandant of the Marine Corp, defines and delivers the long term strategic strategy for the United Stated Marine Corps (USMC) in Expeditionary Force 21 (EF 21) dated 4 March 2014. The premise of the document is simple. It is his vision for the future Corps, and of how the USMC must build, shape, reorganize, in order to, as General Amos puts it, be â€Å"the right force in the right place and the right time†. This vision is addressed through the succinct and logical way ahead. Read MoreThe Marine Corps Essay1994 Words   |  8 Pagessomething they could take on and image for themselves. â€Å"The Few. The Proud. The Marines†. A catch phrase that has taken on a meaning of its own and has been a part of the Corps since the 1970’s when the draft was abolished and they needed recruiting mechanisms. Aside from the few years they were down prior to 9/11, the Marines’ target enrolling goal has always surpassed their yearly limit (Dao, 2014). The Marine Corps are an interesting sector of the military, from a simple google search it was foundRead MoreThe Suicide Of The Marine Corps951 Words   |  4 Pagesto come up with solutions to stop suicide in the Marine Corps. I am going to talk about three topics that I feel important to stop suicide; (1) All hands responsibility, (2) Spiritual guidance, (3) Mental ship awareness program. Suicide is all hands responsibility because Marines are one family that strive to do their best for the best interest of the institution. Marines care for one another and the moment someone commit suicide in the Marine Corps, it has a great impact on our emotional state ofRead MoreThe U.s. Marine Corps1078 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. Marine Corps’ is thought to be one of the five free standing military departments, but in all actuality there is only three departments. The U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Navy are the only branches of the military that are correctly recognized as their own departments. There are two other Branches of the military that are under the U.S. Navy, one is the United States Marine Corps’. They were created to protect, but now they need protecting from budget cuts and disbanding. In orderRead MoreThe Army And Marine Corps1446 Words   |  6 Pages Sun Tzu’s military acumen resonates in the current discussion of the Marine Corps’ preparedness to conduct forcible entry. The Army and Marine Corps saw significant successes utilizing forcible entry and amphibious operations in the Pacific during WWII and the Korean War. The landing at Inchon was â€Å"arguably the Corps’ greatest amphibious success† (Cancian, â€Å"Preserving Amphibious Capabilities in a Time of Austerity, 2012). Led by General MacArthur, Inchon remains the legacy by which future amphibiousRead MoreMarine Corps ( Usmc )1740 Words   |  7 Pagesof either a Navy SEAL or Marine. Answering no to all the questions may also not be enough to be either a SEAL or Marine. Not many people know this, but Navy SEALs undergo the most rigorous military training known to man. SEAL training is considered harder than any other nation’s special forces training. Likewise, the United States Marine Corps (USMC), the most revered branch of the mil itary, also trains hard preparing future â€Å"Devil Dog’s† (motivational nickname for Marines) to defend our country startingRead MoreThe Suicide Of The Marine Corps935 Words   |  4 PagesSenior enlisted leaders were asked to come up with solutions to stop suicide in the Marine Corps. I am going to talk about three topics that I feel are the best solutions to suicide; (1) All hands responsibility, (2) Spiritual guidance, (3) Mental ship awareness program. Suicide is all hands responsibility because Marines are one family that strive to do their best for the best interest of the institution. Marines care for one another and the moment someone takes their life, it has a great impact

Palm Island in Dubai Free Essays

The Palm Islands are artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed. They are being constructed by Nakheel Properties, a property developer in the United Arab Emirates, who hired Belgian and Dutch dredging and marine contractor Jan De Nul and Van Oord, some of the world’s specialists in land reclamation. The islands are the Palm Jumeirah, the Palm Jebel Ali and the Palm Deira. We will write a custom essay sample on Palm Island in Dubai or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each settlement will be in the shape of a palm tree, topped with a crescent, and will have a large number of residential, leisure and entertainment centers. The Palm Islands are located off the coast of The United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf and will add 520 kilometres of beaches to the city of Dubai. The first two islands will comprise approximately 100 million cubic meters of rock and sand. Palm Deira will be composed of approximately 1 billion cubic meters of rock and sand. All materials will be quarried in the UAE. Among the three islands there will be over 100 luxury hotels, exclusive residential beach side villas and apartments, marinas, water theme parks, restaurants, shopping malls, sports facilities and health spas. The creation of the Palm Jumeirah began in June 2001. Shortly after, the Palm Jebel Ali was announced and reclamation work began. The Palm Deira, which is planned to have a surface area of 46. 35 square kilometres, was announced for development in October 2004. Construction was originally planned to take 10–15 years, but that was before the impact of the global credit crunch hit Dubai. The Palm Islands are artificial peninsulas constructed of sand dredged from the bottom of the Persian Gulf by the Belgian company Jan De Nul and the Dutch company Van Oord. The sand is sprayed by the dredging ships, which are guided by DGPS, onto the required area in a process known as rainbowing because of the arcs in the air when the sand is sprayed. The outer edge of each Palm’s encircling crescent is a large rock breakwater. The breakwater of the Palm Jumeirah has over seven million tons of rock. Each rock was placed individually by a crane, signed off by a diver and given a GPS coordinate. The Jan De Nul Group started working on the Palm Jebel Ali in 2002 and had finished by the end of 2006. The reclamation project for the Palm Jebel Ali includes the creation of a four-kilometre-long peninsula, protected by a 200-metre-wide, seventeen-kilometre long circular breakwater. 210,000,000 m3 of rock, sand and limestone were reclaimed (partly originating from the Jebel Ali Entrance Channel dredging works). There are approximately 10,000,000 cubic metres of rocks in the slope protection works. The first thing comes to my mind about all the wonders of the world is the amazing ability of the engineers and architects involved in their constructions to come out with something which finally turns to wonder of the world. I also think that they might be built to let people from all around the world know about the country or state where they are situated. Let us take Dubai as an example. This UAE state became so significant when we talk about superb modern construction since the launching of it’s famous Burj Al-Arab, a luxurious 7-star rated hotel. Then the name of Dubai continuously becoming well-known with numbers of modern constructions especially the unbeaten world’s tallest building,the 162-stories Burj Khalifa with 828-meter height which is almost twice the height of our Petronas Twin Tower, and also the unbelievable Palm Ireland. The Palm Ireland project was firstly thought as something impossible by some groups of people but the credibilities of the project planners are now proven with its accomplishment. The amazing ideas of constructing these crazy stuffs had drastically brought Dubai to world’s attention and this is a big bonus to it’s tourism sector. Hence, wonders of the modern world can be said as the tourist attraction to the country or state where they are situated. However, sometimes I do feel that it’s such a tragic obsession when Islamic countries and states like Malaysia and the famous Dubai are spending too much money on these constructions while Muslims in many regions of the world are suffering from the violence of the Jews. So, I think it should be a limit for these crazy projects and let us start focusing the nation’s wealth to show our concern to Palestinians and all discriminated Muslims from various countries. How to cite Palm Island in Dubai, Essay examples

Kinds of Definition free essay sample

Does a kind of definition merely indicate that a thing is signified by a term, without declaring the nature of that thing, or does It also declares Its nature? The answer to this question Is the basis for every Important Dillon Into nominal definition( definition nominal, meaning a definition of name) merely indicates that a thing is signified by a term without declaring the nature of the thing.Example: if you are asked,what does Mikhail mean? if you mean man, you are giving a nominal definition. By substituting a word that you questioner knows for the en that he does not know, you indicate what thing is signified by the word Mikhail. KINDS OF NOMINAL DEFINITIONS On the basis of the various in which they indicate in the thing signified by a term, nominal definition are either etymological definitions, definitions by synonyms, definitions by description or definitions by examples.Etymological Definition This kind of definition defines a word by giving the meaning of the word or words from which Is derived. We will write a custom essay sample on Kinds of Definition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, philosophy Is derived from the Greek words Philips and Sophia which mean love and wisdom, respectively. Consequently, the etymological definition of philosophy is love of wisdom Definition by synonym This kind of definition defines a word by giving words with similar meanings (either of the same language) and are better known than the word being defined.For example, anthrop means, man; to connect means to put together. Definition by Description This kind of definition defines a word by describing the thing signified by a term, not for the purpose of revealing its nature or essence, but merely to indicate what a thing is that is being spoken of Chalk, for instance, can be defined by this sort of function as the material of which Is made the little stick that a teacher uses to write on the blackboard.Kinds of Definition By languishingly declaring the nature of that thing, or does it also declares its nature? The answer to this question is the basis for every important division into NOMINAL and REAL. A nominal definition( definition minis, meaning a definition of name) merely This kind of definition defines a word by giving the meaning of the word or words from which is derived.

Getting Laid Off from a Job free essay sample

Getting laid off from a Job Tonya Hunter-Martin comm 215 may 25, 2010 Dr. Williams Abstract Losing a Job is very stressful. This experience leads to depression, worthlessness, and frustration. Losing a Job is disappointing and affects everyone in the household. If he or she has felt that a Job was secure at any time; being removed or laid off could have come as a shock, and the feeling of humiliation and betrayal could be felt. These feelings and all these emotions are real, but in time they will go away. Initially the thought of disappointment may occur, and there is no reason to hide these feeling from friends and especially family. Talking to the spouse and children is an excellent idea. This idea is highly recommended, and may diminish some of the stress. Children may not understand the logistics of being laid off, but they will understand that schedules have changed. A spouse can sometimes understand, and sometimes not. We will write a custom essay sample on Getting Laid Off from a Job or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discussing the issue will allow an outlet and help release frustration. Men sometimes like to appear to have everything under control, and may refrain from communicating with their wife. Communication is the key and is extremely relevant in a situation like this. The pain of financial burden is recognized nce a layoff has occurred. When either spouse has been laid off and are not able to provide for the family like they have in the past, tension arises. Friction and conflict will cause arguments and disagreements. Anger will also appear and could spiral out of control. The question of maintaining the mortgage, automobile payments and giving up extra activities will be felt. Layoffs only cut into the income, but there are alternate options. A different route will need to be taken to maintain a household, but it wont be the end of the world. Unemployment is an option to choose from as a temporary position. Options such as starting a business, or coursing a hobby, could take place at a time like this. Taking advantage of a layoff by thinking outside the box, could lead to enormous opportunities. These opportunities could lead to greater finances than a previous place of employment. This is a chance to bring the family together and use the familys creative side. Getting together and utilizing everyones ideas could be a productive event. This will allow each family member a chance to feel like he or she have contributed to the forming of the business in which he or she have created. Finding a good time to discuss problems

About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics

About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics The Vikings were a Scandinavian people highly active in Europe between the ninth and eleventh centuries as raiders, traders, and settlers. A mixture of population pressure and the ease with which they could raid/settle is commonly cited as the reasons why they left their homeland, the regions we now call Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. They settled in Britain, Ireland (they founded Dublin), Iceland, France, Russia, Greenland and even Canada, while their raids took them to the Baltic, Spain, and the Mediterranean. The Vikings in England The first Viking raid on England is recorded as being at Lindisfarne in 793 CE. They began to settle in 865, capturing East Anglia, Northumbria, and related lands before fighting with the kings of Wessex. Their regions of control fluctuated greatly over the next century until England was ruled by Canute the Great who invaded in 1015; he is generally considered one of Englands wisest and most able kings. However, the ruling House which preceded Canute was restored in 1042 under Edward the Confessor and the Viking age in England is considered to have finished with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Vikings in America The Vikings settled the south and west of Greenland, supposedly in the years following 982 when Eric the Red – who had been outlawed from Iceland for three years – explored the region. The remains of over 400 farms have been found, but the climate of Greenland eventually became too cold for them and the settlement finished. Source material has long mentioned a settlement in Vinland, and recent archaeological discoveries of a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland, at LAnse aux Meadows, have recently born this out, although the topic is still controversial. The Vikings in the East As well as raiding in the Baltic, by the tenth century Vikings settled in Novgorod, Kiev, and other areas, merging with the local Slavic population to become the Rus, the Russians. It was through this eastern expansion that the Vikings had contact with the Byzantine Empire – fighting as mercenaries in Constantinople and forming the Emperors Varangian Guard – and even Baghdad. True and False The most famous Viking characteristics to modern readers are the longship and the horned helmet. Well, there were longships, the Drakkars which were used for war and exploration. They used another craft, the Knarr, for trading. However, there were no horned helmets, that characteristic is entirely false. Famous Vikings King Canute the GreatEric the Red, settler of Greenland.Leif Ericsson, settler of VinlandSweyn Forkbeard, King of England and Denmark.Brodir, active in Ireland.

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS AND LAW ( A STRATEGY FOR A WATER COMPANY ) Essay

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS AND LAW ( A STRATEGY FOR A WATER COMPANY ) Bonus to the writer - Essay Example In the traditional strategy, the design is conducted by a client that is different from the contractor in charge of constructing the project according to OGC (nd). Other variants of the management contracting strategy include design, manage and construct and construction management. The design and build strategy on the hand is where the consultant that designs a construction is also charged with the responsibility of actualizing it in reality. The other main strategy is the management strategy. This strategy involves contracting an organization to be in charge of ensuring that other contractors in a project deliver predefined goal effectively (OGC nd). The management contractor in most cases is separate from the consultant that completes the design of the construction. There are a number of factors that must be considered when selecting a contract strategy. The main factor involved in this respect include timing, variation, price certainty, competition, quality, complexity profession al responsibility, risk avoidance, and professional responsibility. ... 1. Bestwater Main Rehabilitation Contract Strategy Bestwater’s main rehabilitation project is aimed to replace small diameter water mains with MDPE pipes. The project however involves a lot of liaising with several authorities. The contract will involve a little of risk related to timely completion of the work as there is about five years to complete the tasks involved. The work involves general and specialized activities that may necessitate the contracting of different contractual partners to spread the risks involved as well as to achieve the best possible quality of service. Alternatives In order to accomplish this task, the company may opt to use the traditional and design and build contract strategies. The advantages associated with traditional contract strategy include the competitive tendering, cost certainty at the beginning of the construction process and the existence of clear lines of responsibility as noted by Engineering Construction EDC (1985). The strategy also makes it easy to change designs while making use of the best possible design and construction skills. This strategy can however make it difficult to complete the project in the shortest possible time since decision making is bound to be slow and convoluted. Furthermore, this strategic option requires good organizational interfaces which may not be very easy to achieve. On the other hand, design and build has high buildability levels making the project have short completion times. The company’s responsibility in the process is also reduced which makes the company bear less risks compared to the traditional strategy (Walker and Hampson 2002). The quality provided by this option may however not be as good as that offered by

Can harm reduction strategies provide a viable basis for youth and Essay

Can harm reduction strategies provide a viable basis for youth and community work practice in marginalized communities with significant drug problems - Essay Example e progressive nations in the world is primarily due to the realization that a consistent portion of the population will use drugs which includes alcohol and tobacco however this discussion speaks primarily to the illegal variety. The current illegal drug strategy in the UK is four-fold. One, educating young persons in the dangers of misusing drugs; two, law enforcement initiatives designed to keep communities safe from drug-related and criminal behaviour and three, disrupt the supply of drugs. The fourth part of the strategy is harm reduction techniques (â€Å"Harm Reduction†, 2002). The goal of harm reduction is to do simply that for both individual and community without regard for personal ideological, legal or moral opinions of drug use. Government sponsored programs and treatment for drug users allows an opportunity for early intervention and education or, for the habitual user, a supply source for controlled narcotic distribution and unused syringes. Access to controlled amounts of narcotics or their synthetic equivalent ensures the drug’s pureness and takes away the need to commit crimes for drug money. A ‘clean needle program’ slows the spread of the HIV virus, hepatitis and other blood-borne illnesses. The benefit to both individual and community is clear (â€Å"AIDS and Drug Misuse†, 1988). The community method of harm reduction incorporates outreach services as its main intercession technique. This is opposed to the traditional, functional approach which operates from a fixed and often inconvenient location. Agencies are situated mainly within marginalized communities and open at opportune times so as to be more accessible to the drug user. In addition, agency workers go to the user if necessary. The workers interact differently in the community method. Instead of outlining a prescribed path of wellness to the user, they inquire as to the needs of the user. â€Å"Needs will be expressed, often having nothing to do with the reduction of

William Shakespeare Sonnets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Shakespeare Sonnets - Essay Example Sonnet 144, 146, 147 and 152 are a few of his completed works and these sonnets carry with them important themes and messages. The theme of love is evident in these sonnets like all of his works. Sonnet 144 mainly discusses the theme of how women are evil owing to the distraction that they provide to men and hence move men away from their faith. The sonnet explains how men are physically attracted to women and Shakespeare considers this attraction to be of threat to pure love. On the other hand, Sonnet 146 carries a spiritual theme and reflects upon the segregation of the soul from the body upon the death of a person. Sonnet 147 explains the theme of illness and how illness drives a person towards depression. The last sonnet in discussion that is sonnet 152 revolves around the confusion of the poet regarding love and whether the love of the dark lady can be trusted and relied upon. The four sonnets carry with them individually very deep themes and meanings which are to be understood by the reader. Sonnets William Shakespeare is one name that fails to be unknown. From children to elderly, whether associated with Literature or not, everyone knows him as a man, who wrote plays and poetry. As general as that sounds, that is the magnanimity of his reputation and fame. To be more precise, William Shakespeare is a person who has contributed to English Literature more than anyone else. In his life, he was known for his plays, theatres and drama, but after his death, the rest of his published work showed that he was a much more intense and qualified poet. The sixteenth century celebrated him and his talents, nevertheless, any celebration or recognition remains small to the size of his contributions. His poetry remains alive today and his sonnets are a perfect example of it. As deep as his sonnets were, they had a certain mysterious element to it. There is a hidden story in each sonnet, yet they all seem connected and extremely personal at the same time. It’s the typical Shakespeare magic. The sonnets discussed in this paper are Sonnet 144, 146, 147 and 152; their complications, themes, story and their whole Shakespeare affect. Sonnet 144’s main theme is about how a woman is an evil figure when it comes to luring men. In this Sonnet, Shakespeare talks about good and bad people and refers them to as the â€Å"two loves† and the â€Å"two spirits†. He is explaining the human nature of men as to how women attract them physically and damage their faith. It somehow reflects the reality of life that no matter what happens; men will always have a desire for women. Shakespeare writes this sonnet with a feeling of threat that he feels from this evil to his â€Å"pure love.† This sonnet clearly explains the war that rages within a man after he falls in love; a war between his spirit and body. And according to this sonnet, the woman is the evil that supports body over the spirit. In short, the woman is like a wall between he ll and heaven. Moving on, sonnet 146 is said to be the only sonnet which has a grave religious element to it. None of the other sonnets by William Shakespeare have that connection to God. This Sonnet, in particular brings out the feeling of â€Å"impending death.† Even though there is no particular mention of God, there is a spiritual and a meditative feel about this. And once again, we witness a battle between the soul and body but in a completely different way. This battle is the detachment that takes place between the body and soul when a person dies. Sonnet number 147 is a different story in whole. It portrays the poet, that is, William Shakespeare as a sick man who is suffering from a disease that involves an excruciating fever. The expression in the sonnet

History of Accounting Standards in the UK

History of Accounting Standards in the UK Accounting norms and standards, applicable for companies in the UK, emanate from the Companies Act, 1985, amended later by the Companies Act, 1989, and by subsequent statutory instruments. While the Companies Act lays down minimum reporting requirements, such as filing of accounts with the Registrar of Companies, other agencies like the Accounting Standards Board, (ASB) and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales, (ICAEW) are responsible for laying down accounting standards, and for the development and regulation of the accounting profession. The ICAEW, the English and Welsh accountancy body for accountants and auditors plays a major role in controlling the accountancy profession, and the conduct of its members. Accounting standards, known as Financial Reporting Standards, (FRSs) are issued by the ASB and form the guidelines for preparation of accounting statements. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, known as UK GAAP, governed the preparation of accounts, in the UK, until 2005. Most countries, in the past, had their own national GAAPs, each being quite different from the other. The international initiative for harmonisation of accounting practice has led to the adoption of International Financial reporting Standards, (IFRSs) by all listed companies in Europe. Listed companies in the UK have to prepare accounting and financial statements, in line with IFRS requirements, from 2005. Unlisted companies can continue to prepare their accounting statements under UK GAAP, and can switch to IFRS standards with more comfort. Accounting methods, in the UK, have traditionally depended upon accepted accounting principles, rather than a body of rules. Accounting statements aim to â€Å"portray the nature of accounting entities operating in a free economy characterised by private ownership of property†, (Principles based or rule based accounting standards, 2006) and depend upon concepts like those of ownership, entity and funds. The objectives and concepts of accounting resulted in the establishment of widely accepted accounting principles, namely (a) cost principle, (b) revenue principle, (c) matching principle, (d) objectivity principle (e) consistency principle, (f) full disclosure principle, (g) conservatism principle, (h) materiality principle (i) uniformity principle and (j) comparability principle. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004) With time, these principles led to the development of techniques, and rules, to facilitate functioning, and ensure uniformity of treatment, on a large scale, by professionals an d companies. In the US, where accounting developed parallely to the UK, accounting standards were also based upon established principles. However, over time, the demands of the business environment in the US led to the creation of voluminous rules that dictated the preparation of accounting statements. The major reasons for this were easier enforceability, better comparability and consistency, usefulness in situations that were complex and needed sophisticated interpretation, control of earnings management and creative accounting, and resolution of inconsistencies in existing standards. While there is some truth in these assertions, (with rules undoubtedly developing because of the demands and challenges faced by the accounting and business fraternity), this enormous body of rules grew into a multi headed hydra that worked against the basic reasons that had necessitated their creation. The increasing complexity and sheer volume of successive rules led to their adherence becoming more important th an the underlying principles. This, in turn, led to a number of undesirable results including the development of a box ticking approach, the usage of the wording of rules, by unscrupulous manipulators, for window dressing and creative accounting, overloads and delays in preparation of accounting statements, delays in framing of new rules in response to changes in the marketplace, and the propensity for professionals to take refuge in rules rather than in representing difficult and uncomfortable realities. A significant body of opinion relates the numerous frauds that emerged in the US in the late nineties, and the early years of this century, notably the Enron and WorldCom episodes, to the rules based accounting system of the United States. Many experts feel that the accounting system of the UK, based upon adherence to accounting principles rather than rules, has helped in protecting the British economy from such disasters. Principle based accounting standards arise out of a conceptual and theoretical framework of transparency and simplicity with a hierarchical and overriding position of principles in the determination of accounting decisions. Principle based accounting requires three elements (a) overarching concepts, (b) principles that reflect these overarching concepts and (c) limited guidance. Guidances are necessarily limited, in principle based accounting, and apart from a small number of interpretations on major issues, are built in, by way of small explanations, in the standards themselves. Usage of this approach naturally requires much greater involvement and responsibility on the part of the directors of companies, as well as from professional accountants and auditors, and enjoins them to ensure the presentat ion of accounts in strict accordance with principles. The adoption of IFRS, since 2005, has led to the usage of new Financial Reporting Standards in the preparation of accounts in the UK. While some changes have been necessary, especially in the treatment of goodwill and other intangibles, the number of commonalities between UK GAAP and IFRS, (primarily because the IFRS also follows a principle-based approach) have helped in making the change smooth and trouble free. IFRS 1 illustrates the commonality shared by UK GAAP and IFRS on principles. The key principle behind IFRS 1 is full retrospective application of all IFRS, in force at the closing balance sheet date, for the first IFRS financial statements. It provides guidance in the use of hindsight and the application of several versions of the same standards. While it works on principles, with companies given significant flexibility in their reporting, it expects companies to maintain transparency and achieve comparability. The principle-based approach is also the base for the code of ethics governing accounting professionals, and the code of corporate governance in the UK. Over the past fifteen years, the UK government has initiated a number of studies into improving corporate governance by eminent and experienced individuals. The Greenbury Report (1995), the Hampel Report (1998), and the Turnbull Report (1999) followed the Cadbury Report of 1992. The Cadbury report stands out, not just because it was the first of various studies that helped in the development of corporate governance in the UK but also because it was clear in adopting a principle based approach that originated a self regulatory approach â€Å"whereby reporting of compliance (became) part of the listing requirements for public companies.† (Jones and Pollit, 2003) The emphasis on the board as a focal decision point could be said to be led by Cadbury, as could be the emphasis on appropriately constituted board sub-committees (remuneration, audit and nomination), independent non-executive directors and the separation of chairperson and chief executive positions. Many of the recommendations of the Cadbury Code have been incorporated into the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD, 1999) and into other national Corporate Governance Codes (Cadbury, 2000). (Jones and Pollit, 2003) These various studies, as well as a long running Company Law Review, carried out at the instance of the UK government, led first to the formulation of the Combined Code of Corporate Governance, 2003, and then to its replacement, with the Combined Code of Corporate Governance, 2006, applicable for reporting years beginning on or after November1, 2006. The combined code stresses the primacy of principles, and self-regulation, by company boards. The code contains principles, and supporting provisions, with listing requirements making corporate governance disclosure statements, prepared in two parts, mandatory. While the first part requires companies to report on the application of the principles contained in the code, the second part requires them to confirm compliance with the code’s provisions, with appropriate explanations if they do not. The â€Å"comply or explain† approach helps both companies and investors, and allows shareholders to make their own judgements. Some of the main principles embodied in the combined code require (a) every company to be headed by an effective board, collectively responsible for the success of the company (b) clear division of responsibilities at the head of the company, between the running of the board, and the executive responsible for running the company’s business, (with no individual having unfettered powers of decision), (c) a balance between executive and non-executive (in particular (independent non-executive) directors, (d) formal, rigorous and transparent procedures for appointment of new directors, (e) the provision of information to the board, in a timely manner, and of quality appropriate for it to make proper decisions, (f) the need for the board to evaluate its own performance, as well as that of its directors (g) the regular re-election of directors and planed and progressive refreshment of the board,(h) a remuneration policy, (sufficient but not excessive), and structured to link remuneration with performance, for the executive directors, (i) transparency in fixation of remuneration, with directors not to be involved in fixing their own remuneration, (j) the presentation of a balanced and understandable assessment of the company’s position and (k) a sound system of internal control for safeguarding investor wealth and company assets. While the combined code contains a number of other principles, the ones illustrated above emphasise that company boards are enjoined to act responsibly, and with common sense, be transparent in their actions, and adopt a principled and virtuous path in corporate action. The principle-based approach ensures freedom and flexibility in operations while necessitating the highest codes of corporate conduct. (The combined code on corporate governance, 2006) The code of ethics adopted by the ICAEW, effective September 1, 2006, requires adherence to five key principles, namely, integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour. The code, which has three parts, establishes the five fundamental principles that govern professional ethics and provides a conceptual framework for applying these principles. â€Å"It provides examples of safeguards that may be appropriate to address threats to compliance with the fundamental principles and also provides examples of situations where safeguards are not available to address the threats and consequently the activity or relationship creating the threats should be avoided.† (Code of Ethics, 2006) The code elaborates that threats could arise from self-interest, self-review, advocacy, familiarity and intimidation. It is exhaustive in the treatment of fundamental ethical principles, the threats that may arise and compromise these principles and the approach best suited by professional accountants in facing and overcoming these threats. The guidance provided is more than adequate for trained and committed accountants to conduct themselves in the best traditions of ethicality even without having to follow voluminous and complex rules. Shaken by the Enron and WorldCom affairs the American establishment pushed through the Sarbanes Oxley Act (Sox) in 2002, aiming to increase transparency, and rid the US corporate world of potential conflict-of-interest issues between a broad spread of parties, including clients and auditors. Sox has some distinctive features, namely rigorous new reporting requirements for all listed companies, sharply enhanced responsibilities for senior management in the presentation of accounts, (including the spectre of long jail terms for offences like fudging figures and misreporting), and restrictions on auditors dealing with clients for long periods. â€Å"Sox is the most important piece of accounting and corporate governance to have come out of the US since the Great Depression.† (Holliday, 2003) Apart from laying down much greater responsibilities for members of top management, it has also opened a great debate in the USA on effecting a changeover from rule based accounting to princip le based accounting. It does this first in section 108(d), which requires the SEC to study the accounting system to ascertain the extent to which it is principles-based, as opposed to rules-based, and to tell us how long it will take for us to achieve a principles-based system; and second, in section 108(a), which requires the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and any other approved standards-setting body to adopt procedures ensuring prompt consideration of new rules reflecting international convergence on high quality accounting standards. (Bratton, Abstract, 2003) While significant change on this front is yet to happen, US GAAP and IFRS practices are converging with each other. The IASB and the FASB are working together, since 2002, to reduce and eliminate differences between IFRS and US GAAP. IFRS 3, for example, provides a good example of how IFRS has moved substantially towards US GAAP. The phasing out of the â€Å"pooling of interests† method, under IFRS made it mandatory, from March 31, 2004, for companies in the EU to identify the acquiring entity, adopt the purchase method of accounting, and replace amortisation of goodwill with the impairment method. While the calculation of impairment of goodwill differs under US GAAP, the principles, in both cases, remain the same. IFRS 5, one of the more important standards deals with non current assets held for sale and presentation of discontinued operations. Non current assets need classification as â€Å"held for sale† subject to certain conditions being met, and income statements need to disclose a single amount on the face of the income statement that includes details of profits, capital gains and cash flows from discontinued operations. While the move to reclassify non-current assets appears to be unquestionable, the stripping out of all commercial effects of discontinued operations is sensible and based upon the business entity principle. It will provide a much clearer vision of current economic performance. (Kirk, 2006) As the countries of Europe, along with New Zealand and some other states, move towards adoption of IFRS, the global movement towards implementation of principle based accounting is becoming stronger. Adoption of common standards becomes feasible only if they work upon principles and not rules. It becomes well nigh impossible to find commonality between two sets of voluminous rules that arise out of location and situation specific circumstances. Principles, on the other hand, represent globally common moral and ethical values, and provide opportunities for common grounds for discussion and decision. This is also the main reason why accountants in the UK have found it comparatively easy to adopt IFRS practices. 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Lycklama, M.P., 2005, Goodwill and value creation of acquisitions, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.bedrijfswetenschappen.leidenuniv.nl/content_docs/PDF/goodwill_and_value_creation_of_acquisitions.pdf Nobes, C. and Parker, R., 2004, Comparative International Accounting (9th edition), Prentice Hall Radebaugh, L.H., Gray, S.J., Black, E.L., 2006, International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, inc., USA Roberts, C, Weetman, P, and Gordon, P, 2005, International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA Similarities and Differences, 2005, A comparison of IFRS, US GAAP and Belgian GAAP, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.pwc.com/extweb/pwcpublications.nsf/docid/74d6c09e0a4ee610802569a1003354c8

Flowers For Algernon :: essays research papers

Flowers for Algernon The main characters of the story are Charlie, who is a mentally retarded person involved in a remarkable experiment which increased his I.Q. Alice, a teacher at the Adult Basic Education Facility at Beekman College who taught Charlie how to read and write, the professors who operated on Charlie. Fay who appeared toward the end of the book , and last but not least Algernon. The novel is exciting and has an original idea. The moods That I felt in the story are ones of sorrow, anger, and guilt. In the story, Charlie, is the subject of an experiment which increases his intelligence. Charlie originally wants the operation to look intelligent and get friends. Unfortunately some of his hopes were not met. The main characters in the novel include Charlie, Alice, Algernon, and Fay, a character who did not make much of an appearance, but he thought that he played an important part in Charlie trying to sort out his past and figure out his present and future plans. Charlie is a mentally retarded person who has impressing people and gaining friends as one of his top priorities. He then hears of an experiment which could possibly make him smart. He makes himself a subject to this human experiment with the hopes of gaining knowledge in a sole purpose of gaining friends. As the book goes on, Charlie goes through dramatic changes mentally, and instead of making him gain friends he actually is looked on in the same way if not worse. For example, at Charlie's old work his "friends" made fun of him and enjoyed his company just because Charlie had amused them. Yet after the operation, Charlie finds out that he had not made his friends like him more, but had pushed them away. Charlie understood now what his friends did to him in the past, and starts to look down upon them. Alice, Charlie's teacher, is the person who gave Charlie to the idea to give the experiment a chance. She thinks that Charlie has the determination and will power to ma ke the experiment work. Then, later on in the book, she gets emotionally involved with Charlie and helps Charlie learn more about himself. Algernon, is a lab animal who also had the experiment done on him and as result makes him smarter than the average mouse. Algernon plays a very important part in the novel because he foreshadows what will happen to Charlie later on in the book.